OM
SHUTTER SPEED
Shutter speed also known as exposure time is the length of time the image sensor in a camera is exposed to light. It is measured in fractions of a second eg: 1/4 = one fourth of a second, 1/250 = one two fiftieth of a second. This can be adjusted to as fast as 1/8000 on certain cameras. A minimum shutter speed of 1/250 of a second is needed to freeze action. Night photography will often utilize longer shutter speeds to catch as much light as possible
Freezing Action/Stopping Motion
If you are freezing action you need to have your shutter speed really fast which means a very small number like 1/1000 of a second or even smaller.
Capturing Motion
Slower Shutter Speed = More motion blur
Faster Shutter Speed = Less motion blur
Image too dark = Slow shutter speed
Image too bright = Raise shutter speed
Portrait photographs = 1/250 - 1/500
Moving subject = 1/800 - 1/1000
APERTURE
Aperture is the size of the opening in lens (hole size). The lens of camera has blades inside that open and close to create a larger or smaller hole
Higher the number = Smaller hole - Less light
(f/stop)
Lower the number = Bigger hole - More light
(f/stops)
ISO
NTEROSCILLATING
YSTEMATIZED
PPOPOTAMUS
ISO controls your cameras sensitivity to light. The higher the ISO the more sensitive the camera is so the less light it needs to make a good photo. Conversely the lower the ISO the less sensitive the camera is so more light is needed for a good photo
Higher the ISO the more sensitive your image is too light
Lower the ISO the less sensitive your image is too light
For majority of your photos you should set your ISO to the lowest native setting and forget about it
Capturing motion or long exposure is when you open your camera shutter for a long period of time. This could be 1 second or could be 1 hour but basically you let more light in over time as a result all moving objects in the photo blur all stationary objects stay sharp
Short Depth of Field
Short/Shallow depth of field is when you selectively focus on one subject that is clearly in focus and the rest of the image is out of focus. To get a shallow depth of field you need a large aperture opening which is a small f/stop. Your physical distance from your subject will effect your depth of field the closer you are too your subject the shallower it will be.
Under Exposure
There are many situations where under exposing makes sense. Generally when you under expose a photo you get the benefits of dynamic range. If your camera has bad dynamic range the highlights will be completely white and shadow will be black. However, if its good your highlights will have great detail and shadow will be very visible. You can extend your cameras dynamic range by under exposing photos because its easier for a camera to retreve shadow than highlights
LOW ISO
-HIGHEST DYNAMIC RANGE
-LEAST NOISE
-BEST IMAGE QUALITY
Fast Shutter Speed
Slow Shutter Speed
Great Depth of Field
Imagine your depth of field as a block of focus where everything inside the block is in focus and you can move this block from front to back of your image
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If you were to shoot a landscape you would probably want lots of depth of field so you want a big block of focus going from right in front of your camera off to the horizon so that everything is sharp because its the whole scene your interested in